After, with the agreement structured so that the funds are committed in escrow before the interview and released on approval. Closing unconditionally before the decision puts the money at risk without any assurance of status; leaving nothing committed means there is no investment to show.
Commit before, close after
Hypothetical example: the seller wants a fast close and the couple want certainty. The order that satisfies both is: sign the agreement, fund the escrow, apply for the state licence transfer, file the consular E-2 application, attend the interview, and close when both approval and licence issue. Consular scheduling varies by post, so ask the escrow agent for a release deadline that allows for it.
Once approved, the visa is issued for the period reciprocity allows, admissions are granted in periods of up to two years, and renewals may continue while the centre remains real, non-marginal and under the couple's direction. Each renewal looks at staffing and finances, so keep payroll and enrolment records from the first month. E-2 does not lead directly to permanent residence, so a family wanting permanence will eventually need a separate basis assessed on its own facts.
Sequence the business purchase, licence, lease, staffing, and application around facts that can be documented, not merely hoped for. The review should flag deadlines that force a payment before the business is otherwise ready. Hypothetical example: a mobile-optometry operator has a vehicle supplier holding a customized unit for thirty days.
The buyer first confirms the state licensing route, then uses a contract that describes the commercial commitment and its refund terms, and preserves the payment trail. A calendar with decision points helps show that the venture is real while preventing an avoidable stranded expenditure.